He was born at “Tuckahoe,” in Goochland County, Va., October 1, 1768; received his early education from private teachers; attended the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, 1785-1788.

In 1790, Randolph married Martha Washington Jefferson, daughter of Thomas Jefferson and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. They were parents to twelve children:

Anne Cary Randolph (1791 - 1826). Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792 - 1875). Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794 - 1795). Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796 - 1876). Named after deceased older sister. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799 - 1871). Virginia Jefferson Randolph (1801 - 1882). Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803 - 1876). James Madison Randolph (1806 - 1834). Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808 - 1871). Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810 - 1837). Septimia Anne Randolph (1814 - 1887). George Wythe Randolph (1816 - 1867). Thomas served in the State senate in 1793 and 1794; elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1807); colonel of the Twentieth Infantry during the War of 1812; member of the State house of delegates, 1819, 1820, and 1823-1825; Governor of Virginia, 1819-1822, He was the first son-in-law of a Virginia Governor to become governor himself; died at “Monticello,” the home of Thomas Jefferson, his father-in-law, on June 20, 1828; interment in the family burial ground.